Business Evaluation Essays - Allstate, Factoring, Insurance

Business Evaluation Business evaluation The subject that I interviewed was Mike Anderson from Allstate Insurance. Mike is an agent who owns his own office and has his own employees but at the same time is also an employee himself for the Allstate Corporation. The nature of Allstate is the sales of different lines of insurance policies. Mike's office is very service oriented although they are in the sales business. He classifies his office as a retail business with the explanation that he is selling something that is not provided directly by him, rather by the company, and because what he is selling is being bought. Allstate is a company that has many people that work for it. Each of these employees is a separate agent that works as a mediator between the customer buying the product and the company selling the product. Thus, Mike's own business inside another business positions itself, as well as Mike, as an agency. Since Mike is ultimately a salesperson, what he does most frequently during the day is to interact with people and sell them a policy or assist them with one he already provides them with. Even though this is what he does most often, he finds human relations to be the most difficult thing to do. Working with people isn't the easiest thing to do and he informed me that in the insurance business the calming people down and making sure you do your best to try to satisfy the customer can sometimes become quite exhausting. What made this the most difficult for him was frequently having to this for customers who were upset with something that happened and trying to remain calm and pleasant after dealing with someone who refuses to be satisfied. He uses trend exploration to determine his forecast. Since he is the sales person of his business he does his own forecasting. Trend exploration involves extending a pattern observed in past data into the future. He simply looks at the past sales of a few months or a year to try to come up with a projection for the next few months or year. This is a simple way of forecasting because trend exploration assumes that sales will remain the same, however, this may not always be the case. Allstate is probably known best as the good hands people. This is their main advertising campaign. It commonly uses the sales pitch, your in good hands with Allstate. Beyond having a photo and name in the yellow pages, Mike himself doesn't have a particular advertising campaign for his individual office. He does, however, supply his customers with his personalized pens, magnets, calendars, and business cards. Mike doesn't supply any promotional things for his office; the company does it for him. They manufacture and send him any special promotional advertisements that he can place or hang in his office. The company informs him of what areas that the agents need to focus on selling but that doesn't necessarily mean that there is a promotional campaign that will go along with it. Prices for each policy are determined to specifically fit the individual who is buying the policy. Things such as the number of years a person has had his license, how many points are on ones record, and the type of vehicle being driven, along with other certain factors, help to determine the price of an auto policy. Certain features such as smoke detectors and an alarm system, again along with many other factors, contribute to a final cost of a home policy; and a person's age, health, and length of the policy will all affect the price of a life insurance policy. In addition to the individual factors that help the agent find the premium that needs to be paid, the company also figures in how many losses, of money, there were due to claims, the salaries and benefits paid to the employees, and the cost of advertising and promotions. All of those factors contribute to the final cost that the customer has to pay. The way the competition is analyzed is actually quite simple. Mike himself uses comparative rating. He merely notes the premium of his competitors compared to his own so he

Hash libraries for C Programmers

Hash libraries for C Programmers This page lists a collection of libraries that will help you in programming in C. Libraries here are open source and used to help you store data, without having to roll your own linked list etc data structures. uthash Developed by Troy D. Hanson, any C structure can be stored in a hash table using uthash. Just include #include uthash.h then add a UT_hash_handle to the structure and choose one or more fields in your structure to act as the key. Then use HASH_ADD_INT, HASH_FIND_INT and macros to store, retrieve or delete items from the hash table. It uses int, string and binary keys. Judy Judy is a C library that implements a sparse dynamic array. Judy arrays are declared simply with a null pointer and consume  memory only when populated. They can grow to use all available memory if desired. Judys key benefits are scalability, high performance, and memory efficiency. It can be used for dynamically sized arrays, associative arrays or a simple-to-use interface that requires no rework for expansion or contraction and can replace many common data structures, such as arrays, sparse arrays, hash tables, B-trees, binary trees, linear lists, skiplists, other sort and search algorithms, and counting functions. SGLIB SGLIB is short for  Simple Generic Library and consists of a single header file sglib.h that provides generic implementation of most common algorithms for arrays, lists, sorted lists and red-black trees. The library is generic and it does not define its own data structures. Rather it acts on existing user-defined data structures via a generic interface. It also does not allocate or deallocate any memory and does not depend on any particular memory management. All algorithms are implemented in form of macros parametrized by the type of data structure and comparator function (or comparator macro). Several further generic parameters such as the name of next field for linked lists may be required for some algorithms and data structures.

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example This was a quasi-experimental design. This type of research is meant to find a cause and effect relationship when there are independent and dependent variables. The goal is to find out if a specific intervention affected the outcome (Burns & Grove, 2007). In this particular case, the goal would be to find out if the $25 incentive improved the number of people at risk for HIV that went for testing and follow up. The study is an experiment as there is a control group used to measure against. There were 372 patients referred during the three periods that were tracked. During the control periods in which the incentive was not offered, 20 of 252(8%) patients completed HIV counseling and testing while during the incentive period 27 of the 120 (23%) patients completed testing and counseling. There was a statistically significant difference in the groups that showed in race and ethnicity. This had to be accounted for by using a multivariable logistic regression model. The result was that there was still a statistical difference in the two groups. The conclusion from this was that there is a increased proportion of patients who complete testing and counseling when a small financial incentive is used. However, there was not a significant answer as to whether there were more positive patients found in this manner and whether this program would be worth its cost. There will need to be further clinical studies to determine these answers. The study was performed over three consecutive 6 month periods resulting in two control groups and an experimental group. This might have been a better experiment if it had been conducted over the full year and 1/2 randomly assigning patients to the different groups. In setting up the groups the way they did for this particular clinical experiment, they did not realize their bias in one group toward one ethnic group until it was too late. Had they randomly assigned

Counselling and Sexual Orientation Research Paper

Counselling and Sexual Orientation - Research Paper Example Moreover, counselors also are guided by their own morals and religious beliefs. For example, a counselor with a religious background may not be willing to attend to issues of sexual orientation for gay and lesbians. Attending to them would amount to going against his ethical principle. However, this is not usually the case because counseling involves helping those people who are in need and for which therapeutic services would help improves on their health. A Christian fundamentalist counselor is faced with the ethical issue while dealing with cases of gay culture and homosexual behaviors. Christianity rebukes and discourages homosexual and lesbianism and so their counselors would not be willing to attend to the case resulting from such indulgence. The issue of morality is always a topical issue and has evolved to a more complex issue between individuals codes of conduct (Ethics and Counselling). Ethical counseling is among the complex discussion that revolves in the discipline due to the nature of the client and counselors background. Many countries do not have strict laws that guide counseling profession. However, the use of ethical standard is done to ensure that quality services are provided by all counselors. Moreover, counselors are trained of the value of protecting client’s confidentiality. Therefore, counselor should meet the demand of their clients no matter their moral standing because they would minimize danger and aggravation of the problem. Moreover, the ethical of secrecy protect counselors facing accusation of serving the gay community. According to Daniluk and Haverkamp ethical counseling is based on the concept of self-interest, beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, fidelity and justice (Ethics and Counselling). Therefore, therapeutic therapy on sexual orientation in guided by the above concepts and it would be better if a

Managing Waste Products from Dairy Factories in Greece Dissertation

Managing Waste Products from Dairy Factories in Greece - Dissertation Example Nutrients and proteins can also be extracted from wastewater for various business purposes. The question is what technology is effective in the treatment of dairy wastewater. Wastewater management, which includes treatment, is part of an effective environmental management system (EMS) which dairy factories should implement immediately at the start of the operation. In countries such as Greece, EMS implementation is not uncommon. This is so because, in the countryside where wastewater usually flows to rivers and adjoining bodies of water, wastewater has to be treated first before it has to be discharged. Environmental impact created by businesses, organizations and dairy factories has to be minimized in order to deliver sustainability for the next generation. An Environmental Management System is a way of addressing the impact on the environment by issuing guidance to organizations, businesses, and governments which maintain or regulate establishments that produce wastewater. An EMS a nswers the environmental compliance regulations and other relevant activities for environmental best practice. An EMS aims for sustainable development in the community, and minimize waste and hazardous materials. It is a set of rules and requirements that set up a policy for environmental promotion and can be effectively implemented through the guidelines set by ISO 14001. The International Standards Organization states that businesses should implement an EMS which carries out its environmental objectives in accordance with the legal and other significant requirements of the organization and the laws of the land. Wastewater treatment, to include reuse and recycle, is a best practice in line with ISO compliance. (Edwards, 2004) There are a number of methodologies in wastewater treatment that have been implemented by the dairy industry, but some problems in the methods have to be identified. This paper, therefore, will provide an in-depth analysis of some of the methods and technologi es available, along with a business model that can be created out of these methods. 1.1 Objectives The objectives of this paper are: 1.1.1 To analyse how Greek dairy factories, conduct wastewater treatment and reduce wastewater generation that leads to minimization of effluent-treatment costs, and how to extract proteins and nutrients from wastewater; 1.1.2 To analyse the business side of the treated wastewater, taking into consideration the business model that can be created from the nutrients and proteins extracted and separated from the wastewater; 1.1.3 To provide an in-depth analysis of the methods and technologies available so that clear recommendations can be provided. 2. Literature Review There has to be a holistic view of the various ways of waste production, including collection and treatment and subsequent disposal of wastewater. The treatment to be implemented would depend on what type of wastewater is produced by the dairy factory or pond. Wastewater comes from milk, bu tter, yogurt, ice cream and other varieties which may be composed of desserts. Initial planning of wastewater treatment plant includes the following aspects: 1.) The various data and information gathered from the field surveys should be put together, inputted into a database, and carefully studied; 2.) What type of wastewater collection and system will be implemented?

Primary Health Care In Grenada Health And Social Care Essay

Primary Health Care In Grenada Health And Social Care Essay Primary Health Care service delivery in the Health sector in Grenada is public based, meaning, health clinics, emergency room care, general hospital and a National Insurance Scheme (NIS) for insurance, as well as private based, with the provision of private health insurance and private hospitals, such as St. Augustine. As a result it employs the use of both solo and group practice. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employment status of Physicians: The Caribbean in general is experiencing a shortage of medical professionals and Grenada is not immune to this problem. A major contributing factor is that many medical professionals leave to work in other countries, creating a situation of braindrain. It was estimated by the U.N. that around 70% of native born Grenadian physicians leave and work overseas, (UN population statistics, 2010) Grenada has a low physician to population at 8.1 for 10,000 people for comparison Mexico has 20 per 10,000, (PAHO). It is estimated that there are approximately 110 physicians currently working in the health sector in Grenada. A small section of these physicians serve as independent contractors, most of whom are specialist with a few general practioners. A greater majority of those however are in private practice but are still employed in public practice, providing healthcare services at their private establishments and/or the private hospital as well as providing healthcare services through the pub lic health facilities, health centers and hospitals. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Population Served: All citizens of Grenada and foreigners, mainly SGU students and visitors are able to get access to the healthcare facilities. The general population of Grenada served, excluding foreigners, is approximately 93,000. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Types of Hospitals: Grenadas health policy aims at ensuring that every Grenadian has access to quality health services. The Grenadian government has embraced the concept of primary health care as the main strategy for improving the populations health status. As part of its aim to attain health for all by the year 2000 it has adopted the goals and targets established through the Caribbean Cooperation in Health initiative as the priorities for its health services. Grenada is divided into seven health districts, six of which have a health center with most services and an additional 30 medical stations. These are major primary care facilities and usually serve as the first point of contact within the Grenadian health system. All health facilities are within easy access of the population and each health district is assigned a District Medical Officer, several categories of nurses, community health aides, dentists and dental auxiliaries, pharmacists, environmental health officers and mental health workers. At some Health Centers, some specialist services, such as pediatrics, and psychiatry are provided. There is a 240 bed General Hospital, which is the main hospital on island and located in the capital of St. Georges. The General Hospital is a referral hospital offering 24 hour emergency care, specialist, surgical, paediatrics, psychiatric, ophthalmic, obstetric/gynecology, and ENT. Ultrasonagraphy and electrocardiogram are also available. Support services include laboratory, pharmacy, imaging, physiotherapy and rehabilitative services. In addition there are two rural hospitals, the Princess Alice Hospital and Princess Royal hospital, with 60 beds and 40 beds respectively. As part of their provision of primary health care for all, the Grenadian government, through the health sector also provides specialized Mental Health Services providing treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up care at the Mental Hospital and in the community. The institutions include an 80-bed psychiatric hospital for acute and chronic patients, the Mount Gay hospital, and a geriatric facility at Richman Hill with 120 beds, that is usually filled above capacity. Dorothy Hopkin Home a 16-bed facility offers services for disabled children. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prevailing Remuneration of the Health Care Workers: What currently obtains in Grenada as relates to the prevailing remuneration system for health care workers is that they are primarily salaried workers. The salary of healthcare workers is determined by the negotiation between the Government and the bargaining agent, the Public Service Workers Union. Salary is based on a scale system that is predetermined by the government. Entry into that scale is determined by qualification and the job title held. Private physicians however are paid on a fee for service basis. The fee scale is determined by the Grenada Medical Association. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Referral Restrictions: Public hospitals have a restricted referral system, access to specialist care is on the basis of referral from a General Practitioner within the public health sector. This serves as a means of gatekeeping. Home referrals are done by the district medical doctor on advisement from the district health centers. Laboratory and other medical test referrals are also assigned by public health physicians as well as private physicians from the list of preapproved test centers. Private facilities does not necessarily operate within the boundaries of a referral system as persons using private facilities would have direct access to private specialist care. Home referrals are done by the private physicians whose clinic have been visited or referred to other physicians in different specialties according to the characteristic of the disease. Laboratory and medical tests are referred by private physicians to the test centers, which have agreements with the physicians. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Level of internal integration between staff: Within the health system of Grenada both the public and the private sector are integrated. To date, there are about 110 physicians working within the private and public health sector combined. Because of this nurses /midwives and other medical professional that serve both in the private and public sector are allowed a lot of interaction with each other. Within the public sector there is a hierarchy that exists among physicians, there are the senior physicians, followed by the junior doctors. Also within in the nursing system there is a hierarchy. This lends to a flow of authority between members of staff. Though there is this hierarchy, it can be seen from interactions with members of the system that there is a respect that exists between professionals within the different fields that make up Grenadas very integrated public and private health systems. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Level of external integration with other services: The National Strategic Health Plan stated that the community health services had issues with primary care services as it was neither integrated nor coordinated. This is due to limited confidence in community services. It also reported that persons would visit the general hospital or private clinics. There is an increase in private clinics which is seen as the provider of quality care. It should be noted that one of the goals of the National Strategic Health Plan reported that there is an endeavor to improve collaboration between Non-government agencies, public health care, community centers as well as private health care services in an effective and efficient manner. A strategy that was curative in nature was developed to increase collaboration between the Ministry of Health and Regional sectors in aiding with the treatment and diagnosis of Dengue. The formation of strategies that are developed for prevention and promotion aids in the development of partnerships with other ministries to help deal with youth issues.   The Ministry of Health was in collaboration with PAHO in Barbados to develop a cost benefit analysis of a National Fluoridation Program. Level of integration of staff education and training in primary care: Generally the training in primary care for staff education is a mix between coninous professional development and undergraduate/basic education. In the National Strategic Health Plan for Grenada, the level of integration of staff education and training in primary health care is as follows: for there is in service training provided for community workers. There is also a plan to have training in the screening of cancer, a system of surveillance in communicable diseases, pre and post natal care as well as training in acquiring the proper nutrition for children and their mothers. The training of staff to be sensitive in providing quality care of the elderly, training for hospital staff and the development of the support of clinical service.

Challenges Facing 5 Star Hotel Businesses Essay

The hotel industry contributes significantly to revenue generation through customs, license fees, value added tax, landing fees, and exercise duty. The revenue generated plays a significant role in the overall development of resident economy as well as the global economy. The hotel industry, under the umbrella of tourism and hospitality, has faced numerous challenges that have led to a stagnated growth. Most 5-star hotel businesses across the globe often shift their operation to restaurants that have potentially limited their growth. Most hoteliers have mentioned short comes in demand and supply that are not in sync. Likewise, the market for five-star hotels is growing at a slower rate that demands operational efficiencies to have a bigger share of the pie. As such, this paper discusses the challenges experienced by five-star hotels in this century based on current research validations. Description of a 5-Star Hotel and Rationale for the Choice The term five-star hotel is most often associated with ultimate luxury and by implication, expense. Five-star hotel groups are committed to displaying conduct through their behavior and actions. Hotels promote corporate citizenship through their strategic private-public partnerships. The significance of hotels is to reduce malnutrition, enhancing employment, promoting indigenous craftsmen and artisans. Five-star hotels present a unique scope and opportunity that enables the development of raw potential individuals to a skilled workforce, which according to Chandana, are immediately employable by the key players in the hotel sector (Chandana, 2013) Likewise, five-star hotels drive myriad community projects that emphasize on food production, housekeeping, kitchen management, spas, and customer service to promote economic empowerment for candidates from vulnerable social and economic backgrounds. The rationale for choosing the hotel sector is due to their capability and previous good re cord in global economic performance. However, the challenges facing the hotel sector are numerous and solutions are readily available. Likewise, the commitment of the hotel sector in economic development, creation of employment, food security campaigns, and environmental sustainability is significant for developing careers in the sector.Shortage of Qualified Employees According to a study conducted on the Romanian 5-star hotels, approximately 40 percent of the 5-star hotels are facing the shortage of qualified employees. Besides, Haidment (2007) predicts that within the next ten years, employee shortage in terms of talent in a five-star hotel would increase by 15 percent. As such, five-star hotels around the globe, according to him, will face challenging times from the human resource point of view. However, the problem is not the presence qualified and talented candidates to work for these hotels; rather it is the inability of these hotels to attract talented and qualified candidates for the hotel industry (Haidment, 2007). The deficit mainly refers to the specialized positions such as receptionist, cooks, pastry cooks, chambermaids, and waiters. The study further reveals that the number of vacancies in five-star hotels is continually increasing with 11, 000 jobs announced annually, according to data forecast by World Travel and Tourism Council (2 007). The causes of labor shortage in five-star hotels, Haidment (2007) explains, begin with the shrinking of the population due to emigration. Besides, the lack of national integration plan to and action plan to support the development of human capital in the hotel industry, 5-star hotels, in particular, partially explains the deficit of employees in 5 star hotels. Look more:Â  the basic economic problem essay Insufficient Employee Training and Development The current market for 5-star hotels is highly competitive and requires skillful workforce to remain successful in the competitive hotel sector game. Boella and Goss-Turner, (2005) indicates that one of the major obstacles that affect the workplace of 5-star hotels is the lack of employee training and development. According to him, employee training is an essential process that should be designed and implemented continually in any 5-star hotel as well as other firms. The significance of human resource department is to improve the attractiveness of the organization by providing the employees with skills, knowledge and attitudes that in turn improves their current job performance (Boella & Goss-Turner, 2005). However, five-star hotels have experienced limited development activities that have reduced the acquisition of new knowledge and skills for the purposes of employee career and personal growth. The current economic downturn has hit five star hotels with appalling impacts everywhere especially Europe and U.S. Thus, the productivity of the employees in the sector, according to Boella et al. (2005), has reduced in double digits further challenging the organizations in meeting their establishment goals. Insecurity Terrorism is a global problem affecting both the developed and developing countries. According to Chandana, (2013) terror groups that exist in many nations have led to a sharp economic downturn. In particular, the hotel industry is a sector that provides revenue for the government and employment to numerous people globally. However, the acts of terrorism have led to the closure of some 5-star hotels and numerous people rendered jobless. Chandana, (2013) notes that most five-star hotels, especially, in developing countries relies on visitors from abroad touring the nation. However, the threat due to terrorist and bandits in these countries has led to decrease in traveling and tourism activities. For instance, the recent terrorist activities and attacks by bandits in Kenya and Nigeria have seen some countries such as U.S warning their citizens to visit these countries at their own risk. Yet, these countries have five-star hotels that heavily bank on of foreign visitors that seek the se rvices of their facilities considered expensive for most of their citizens. Therefore, terrorist activities and bandit attacks, according to Lockyer (2007), provides a significant challenge to five-star hotels and the tourism sector at large. Also, bandits that reside within the countries have discouraged domestic tourism with the few potential visitors of 5-star hotels avoiding such places. Lockyer, (2007) further highlights that 5-star hotels attract terrorist activities as some of the agendas derived by the terrorists aim at seeking audience of the high class. Thus, the terrorists keep on storming 5-star hotels and kidnapping and killing people. In a nutshell, the resultant victim in this tussle is the five-star hotel investors that experience severe losses leading to closure in extreme scenarios. Competition Fierce competition among the 5-star hotels has recently underscored by the increased opening of more hotels across the globe. Currently, luxury hotels are build up to 180-story with numerous rooms and reduced charges. The cut-throat competition among the hoteliers has led to the withdrawal of some hotels and mergers. Lockyer, (2007) writes that hotels have experienced mergers and acquisitions to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Due to the decrease revenues, merger and acquisition among hotels are the key marketing strategy of sustaining a competitive market. As such, numerous hotels are forced into mergers and acquisition, thus shutting their individual objectives. Conclusion Five-star hotels around the world have documented numerous challenges over the past, according to research. The main challenges facing five-star hotels are competition, insecurity, and lack of competent employees. However, in order for five star hotels to survive the management must set most efficient strategic goals, identify the needs for implementing the goals, train employees and equip them with skills and knowledge required for job performance. Likewise, employee motivation to improve their skills is essential for curbing some challenges facing the hotel industry. References Boella, M. & Goss-Turner, S. (2005), Human Resources Management in the Hospitality Industry, London: Elsevier Chandana, C. J. (January 01, 2013). The Canadian hotel industry: innovative solutions to secure the industry’s future. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5, 2, 219-230. Haidment, F. (2007), Human Resources 2006-2007 – Annual Editions, London: Then McGraw – Hill Companies Lockyer, T. L. G. (2007). The international hotel industry: Sustainable management. New York: Haworth Hospitality & Tourism Press World Travel and Tourism Council (2007), Romania – Travel &Tourism Navigating the Path Ahead Source document

The Opening Scene of Macbeth Sets the Mood of the Whole Play-Discuss

Macduff (Macbeth) 1 Macduff (Macbeth) Macduff (Macbeth) Dan O'Herlihy as Macduff in Orson Welles' controversial film adaptation Macbeth (1948) Creator William Shakespeare Play Date Source Family Macbeth c. 1603-1607 Holinshed's Chronicles (1587) Lady Macduff, wife Son, (name unknown) Antagonist to Macbeth; kills him in the final act. Despair thy charm / And let the angel whom thou has served / Tell thee Macduff was from his mother’s womb / Untimely ripped (5. 10. 14-16) Role Quote Macduff, the Thane of Fife, is a character in William Shakespeare's Macbeth (c. 603-1607). Macduff plays a pivotal role in the play: he suspects Macbeth of regicide and eventually kills Macbeth in the final act. He is the main antagonist, yet the hero, in the play. The character is first known from Chronica Gentis Scotorum (late 14th century) and Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland (early 15th century). Shakespeare drew mostly from Holinshed's Chronicles (1587). Although characterized sporadically through out the play, Macduff serves as a foil to Macbeth, a figure of morality, and an instrument to the play’s desired excision of femininity. OriginThe overall plot that would serve as the basis for Macbeth is first seen in the writings of two chroniclers of Scottish history, John of Fordun, whose prose Chronica Gentis Scotorum was begun about 1363 and Andrew of Wyntoun's Scots verse Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, written no earlier than 1420. These served as the basis for the account given in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), on whose narratives of King Duff and King Duncan Shakespeare in part based Macbeth. Macduff first appears in Holinshed's narrative of King Duncan after Macbeth has killed the monarch and reigned as King of Scotland for 10 years.When Macbeth calls upon his nobles to contribute to the construction of Dunsinane castle, Macduff avoids the summons, arousing Macbeth's suspicions. Macduff leaves Scotland for England to prod Duncan's son, Malcolm, into taking the Scot tish throne by force. Meanwhile, Macbeth murders Macduff's family. Malcolm, Macduff, and the English forces march on Macbeth, and Macduff kills him. [1] Shakespeare follows Holinshed's account of Macduff closely, with his only deviations being Macduff's discovery of Duncan's body in 2. 3, and Macduff's brief conference with Ross in 2. 4.Historically, the Clan MacDuff was the most powerful family in Fife in the medieval ages. [2] The ruins of Macduff's Castle lie in East Wemyss cemetery. Role in the play Macduff first speaks in the play in 2. 3 when he discovers the corpse of King Duncan in Macbeth’s castle. He raises an alarm, informing the castle that the king has been murdered. Macduff begins to suspect Macbeth of regicide when Macbeth says, â€Å"O, yet I do repent me of my fury / That I did kill them† (2. 3. 103-104). Interestingly, Macduff’s name does not appear in this scene; rather, Banquo refers to him as â€Å"Dear Duff† (2. 3. 75). In 2. Macbeth has left for Scone, the ancient royal city where Scottish kings were crowned. Macduff, meanwhile, meets with Ross and an Old Man. He reveals that he will not be attending the coronation of Macbeth and will instead return to his home in Fife. However, Macduff flees to England to join Malcolm, the slain King Duncan’s elder son, and convinces him to return Macduff (Macbeth) to Scotland and claim the throne. Macbeth, meanwhile, visits the Three Witches again after the spectre of Banquo appears at the royal banquet. The Witches warn Macbeth to â€Å"beware Macduff, beware the Thane of Fife† (4. 1. 87-88).Furthermore, they inform him that, â€Å"The power of man, for none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth† (4. 1. 96-97). Macbeth, fearing for his position as King of Scotland, orders the deaths of Macduff's wife, children and relatives. Macduff, who is still in England, learns of his family’s deaths through Ross, another Scottish thane. He joins Malcolm, and th ey return to Scotland with their English allies to face Macbeth at Dunsinane Castle. After Macbeth slays the young Siward, Macduff confronts Macbeth. Although Macbeth believes that he cannot be killed by any man born of a woman, he soon learns that Macduff was â€Å"from his mother’s womb /Untimely ripped† (5. 10. 15-16). The two fight, and Macduff slays Macbeth offstage. Macduff ultimately presents Macbeth’s head to Malcolm, hailing him as king and calling on the other thanes to declare their allegiance with him (5. 11. 20-25). 2 Analysis Macduff as a foil to Macbeth As a supporting character, Macduff serves as a foil to Macbeth; his integrity directly contrasts with Macbeth’s moral perversion. [3] In an exchange between the Scottish thane Lennox and another lord, Lennox talks of Macduff’s flight to England and refers to him as â€Å"some holy angel† (3. 6. 6) who â€Å"may soon return to this our suffering country / Under a hand accursedà ¢â‚¬  (3. 6. 48-49). The play positions the characters of Macduff and Macbeth as holy versus evil. The contrast between Macduff and Macbeth is accentuated by their approaches to death. Macduff, hearing of his family’s death, reacts with a tortured grief. His words, â€Å"But I must also feel it as a man† (4. 3. 223), indicate a capacity for emotional sensitivity. While Macbeth and Lady Macbeth insist that manhood implies a denial of feeling (1. 7. 45-57), Macduff insists that emotional depth and sensitivity are part of what it means to be a man.This interpretation is supported by Macduff’s reaction upon his discovery of Duncan’s corpse and the echo of Macduff’s words when Macbeth responds to the news of Lady Macbeth’s death. Macduff struggles to find the words to express his rage and anguish, crying, â€Å"O horror, horror, horror† (2. 3. 59). In some stage interpretations, Macduff’s character transitions from a state of shock to one of frenzied alarm. [4] This contrasts starkly with Macbeth’s famous response to the announcement of his wife’s death: â€Å"She should have died hereafter / There would have been a time for such a word / Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow† (5. . 17-19). Macbeth’s words seem to express a brutal indifference–she would have died anyway–and perhaps even suggest that he has lost the capacity to feel. Macduff as a moral figure Although Macduff comes to represent a type of â€Å"goodness† in the dark world of Macbeth, Shakespeare also allows for some instability in his character. This becomes most evident in 4. 3 when Macduff joins Malcolm in England. In this scene, the play has moved from the tumult in Scotland to England. In the exchange between the two Scotsmen, Malcolm is clearly in control and forces Macduff to examine and reconcile with himself his own moral code.In a moment of dramatic irony, Macduff begins the conversation urging Malcolm to fight for Scotland rather than to grieve, not knowing that Malcolm has already arranged for English military support (4. 3. 134-136). Malcolm manipulates Macduff, questioning his loyalty, facilitating his emotional responses, and testing to see how much Macduff’s, and perhaps the audience’s, morality can ultimately be compromised. Malcolm portrays Macbeth as a tyrant, but he positions himself, too, as someone morally repulsive. [4] He describes his own voluptuousness–the bottomless â€Å"cistern of [his] lust† (4. 3. 4)–and â€Å"staunchless avarice† (4. 3. 79). Macduff must decide whether he can accept Malcolm as an alternative to Macbeth. He does not give this answer until the final scene, addressing Malcolm, â€Å"Hail King† (5. 6. 20). By this point, however, Malcolm has â€Å"abjure[d] / The taints and blames I laid upon myself, / For strangers to my nature†(4. 3. 125-127). This shows that rather than spe aking truthfully about himself, Malcolm was simply testing Macduff to see where Macduff's loyalties were. Therefore, Macduff is right in accepting Malcolm Macduff (Macbeth) as king. Macduff may also be read as a precursor for ethical philosophy. 5] Macduff's flight from Scotland is a â€Å"spiritual reawakening†, with spirituality based around the truth, regardless of what it may be. Macduff constantly reexamines his values. In deciding to leave his family, Macduff deserts those values and pays bitterly for it. Macduff echoes sentiments of writers such as Plato and the later Thomas Hobbes, who claim that morality may only be judged to the extent that a person takes responsibility for his or her actions. Thus, because he accepts the burden of his decision to leave his family for political exploration, Macduff's actions can be justified. [5] 3 Macbeth and the fantasy of female powerOne of the themes that the play Macbeth wrestles with is the relationship between male vulnerabil ity and feminine influence. The play explores the fantasy of a female or maternal power as well as the desire of an escape from this influence. [6] Femaleness is to be feared and reviled, and to a certain extent, the play works to excise femininity and restore autonomous male or paternal power. However, the play also exposes the impossibility of the fantasy of absolute masculinity. After Macbeth derives much of his motivation from the Witches’ perceived promise of invincibility: that no man born of woman can kill him.He interprets the prophecy to mean he is untainted by femininity, as if femininity were the source of vulnerability. [6] Macbeth believes in his own invulnerability, claiming, â€Å"I bear a charmed life, which must not yield / To one of woman born† (Act V, scene 8). However, Macduff, born via caesarian section, exposes this fantasy as a fallacy. He replies to Macbeth: â€Å"Despair thy charm, / And let the angel whom thou still hast served / Tell thee, M acduff was from his mother’s womb / Untimely ripped† (Act V, scene 8).Though he may not have been of a woman born in the conventional sense (thus fulfilling the prophecy), Macduff ultimately originates from woman, asserting that he was â€Å"from his mother’s womb. † If, as Macbeth believes, true manhood cannot derive from or be tainted by femininity, then Macduff’s very existence fundamentally counters this idea. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Bevington, David and William Shakespeare. Four Tragedies Bantam, 1988. Official Scottish Clans and Families (http:/ / www. electricscotland. com). Horwich, Richard. â€Å"Integrity in Macbeth: The Search for the ‘Single State of Man. † Rosenberg, Marvin. The Masks of Macbeth. University of California Press, 1978. Hennedy, John F. â€Å"Macduff's Dilemma: Anticipation of Existentialist Ethics in Macbeth. † Adelman, Janet. â€Å"Escaping the Matrix: The Construction of Masculinity in Ma cbeth and Coriolanus. † Suffocating mothers: fantasies of maternal origin in Shakespeare's plays. Routledge, 1992. External links †¢ Macbeth: Folio Version (http://internetshakespeare. uvic. ca/Annex/Texts/Mac/F1/Work) †¢ Macbeth: Full-text online (http://shakespeare. mit. edu/macbeth/full. html) Article Sources and Contributors 4 Article Sources and ContributorsMacduff (Macbeth)   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? oldid=542149214   Contributors: 2A01:388:201:3030:E4B5:F56E:CE1B:5242, Agricolae, Akira625, Alansohn, Alex2706, Andrei Iosifovich, Andrew Hampe, Ashton1983, Australian Matt, Benjamin Geiger, Bucklesman, Byron Farrow, Cntras, David Gerard, Deskford, Dwanyewest, Escape Orbit, Finavon, Fitnr, Focus, Girlwithgreeneyes, Huw Powell, IllaZilla, ItsLassieTime, John of Lancaster, Jupiter Optimus Maximus, KGasso, Kabartlett, Kierant, Kyaa the Catlord, Lentower, Lordrosemount, Luki9875, MarnetteD, Mhardcastle, Mhockey, Monkeyzpop, Nashikawa, NatureA 16, Omarworld87, P.S. Burton, PC78, Paul Bedson, Pegship, Philip Trueman, Pjweller, Poeloq, Red-eyed demon, Roregan, SAGE01, Saga City, Smalljim, Speedevil, Stefanomione, Stephenb, Steven Zhang, ThinkBlue, Tiria, Tommy2010, Treybien, UltimateCoach, Wangyingyun, Warofdreams, Woohookitty, Wrad, Xover, 115 anonymous edits License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. 0 Unported //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3. 0/

Human Rights and Refugees essay

Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essayThe current research proposal focuses on the analysis of the current situation in the refugee policy in Brazil compared to the general policies and practices applied to refugees internationally. The research proposal aims at the revelation of specificities of policies conducted by Brazil in relation to refugees and the integration of refugees into local communities in Brazil2 Objectives of the local integration projectThe major objectives of the local integration project is the integration of refugees arriving to the country, namely Brazil, into local communities, where they can start their normal social life.Local integration as a durable solution combines three dimensions:Firstly, it is a legal process, whereby refugees attain a wider range of rights in the host state.Secondly, it is an economic process of establishing sustainable livelihoods and a standard of living comparable to the host community.Thirdly, it is a social and cultural process of adap tation and acceptance that enables the refugees to contribute to the social life of the host country and live without fear of discrimination3 MethodologyThe current study will involve experts and professionals working in Brazilian government agencies, especially those responsible for immigration policies in Brazil. Experts involved in the study should have profound knowledge and understanding of refugee policies and practices at the international and local level, preferably with the experience of working in Brazil. Professionals working in government agencies should also be qualified and have sufficient experience to provide the competent information on the current refugee policies conducted by Brazil.4 General observations in relation to integration of refugees in Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1 National integration policy and international cooperationThe national integration policy is crucial for the integration of refugees into local communities. Countries are normally expected to int egrate refugees, who are seeking asylum on their territories. The international cooperation is essential for effective refugees policies because refugees have to move internationally and, even if the target country refuses from providing them with the refugee status, the country should not expose their life and health or those of their relatives to threat extraditing them to their home countries.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.2 Respect of refugees’ rights and access to informationThe country conducting refugee policies should respect refugees’ rights and provide them with the access to information on their rights and liberties.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.3 Language skillsAs a rule, refugees have poor language skills and may need the assistance of interpreter to maintain their communication with the authorities. The further integration of refugees normally involves language courses and development of basic language skills to facilitate the integration of refugees into local communities.     Ã‚  Ã‚   4.4 Resettlement needsRefugees face urgent resettlement needs because, as a rule, they arrive to the country, where they seek asylum without property and little, if any, money. In such a situation, the government or NGOs should provide refugees with assistance to help them resettle and start a new life in the new country.5 Country specific analysis and recommendations to Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.1 IntroductionAt the moment, Brazil is one of the target destinations for refugees in Latin America. A large part of refugees arriving to Brazil are of Latin America origin as they flee from wars, political prosecutions, and violation of their basic human rights in their home countries. However, as a rule, refugees flee to Brazil in search of asylum to save their life and health or those of their family members. Refugees also arrive from Africa and Asia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.2 Legislation and documentsRefugees should have travelling visas to travel to Brazil, where they can claim f or asylum, while the decision on their status and further extradition or providing them with the refugee status is taken by the local authorities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.3 Educational qualifications of refugeesAs a rule, the educational qualification of refugees arriving to Brazil is low. They are either semi- or low-qualified employees working in agricultural sector mainly, although there are cases when well-qualified refugees may flee to Brazil, especially in case of political repressions in their home countries.5.4 Employment and employment servicesEmployment is a challenge for refugees in Brazil. As they have the low qualification they face the tight competition from the part of local employees. In addition, they may have poor language skills that deteriorates their competitive position in the labor market. Cultural differences between refugees and local communities can cause communication gaps. Therefore, they may have difficulties with employment and they need the assistance of emp loyment services in Brazil.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.5 HousingRefugees face the housing problem because they have no real estate in Brazil and they do not have money to purchase or even hire dwelling. Hence, either the government or NGOs should provide them with the assistance to support for certain period until they get an opportunity to hire or buy their own dwelling.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.6 Social benefits and pensionsOften, refugees are deprived of social benefits and pensions that Brazilian citizens can benefit from. In such situation, the government assistance and support from the part of NGOs becomes crucial for them.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.7 HealthSimilarly to social benefits, health care services are also costly and often unavailable to refugees because they cannot cover costs of health care services. Therefore they rely heavily on the government support and NGOs, which can assist them providing them with basic health care services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.8 Legal counseling and capacity of NGOs As refugees seek for asylum in Brazil, they arrive to the country being unaware of specificities of the local legislation, especially refugee and immigration legislation. They are even unaware of their basic human rights and liberties, which they can exercise in Brazil. Hence, they need legal counseling and NGOs often provide them with such services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.9 Naturalization procedures/ citizenshipThe naturalization procedures and obtaining of citizenship in Brazil is complex but easier compared to well-developed countries, such as the US or Canada, for instance. On the other hand, Brazil cannot always afford providing asylum for refugees because of the lack of financial resources and funding of refugee programs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.10 Local community relationsRefugees in Brazil may face problems with local communities because they are outsiders and they need time and efforts to adapt to the life in the new socio-cultural environment, while many local community members view refugees as rivals in gaining social benefits granted by the government and rivals in the local labor market. In addition, the lack of language competence and cultural differences may create communication gaps but the local population is basically tolerant to refugees and immigrants.6 ConclusionThe current situation in Brazil needs the detailed study of refugee policies because refugees have multiple needs, which the local authorities and NGOs cannot always meet.

File System and Nokia N8 Essays

File System and Nokia N8 Essays File System and Nokia N8 Essay File System and Nokia N8 Essay We have recently tried XEON Belle  Refresh  CFW on our Nokia N8 upon user recommendations and its really good and stable. Xeon’s CFW has only  English  and  Italian languages. (Italian as default, you can change it into  English  later on). Detailed change-logs are available after the break. Before you start following this tutorial, we recommend you to have a look at  Cfficial Nokia Belle Refresh Change-logs. THIS CUSTOM  FIRMWARE  IS ONLY FOR NOKIA N8, DO NOT TRY IT ON ANY OTHER DEVICE OR YOU’LL BRICK IT UP. PLEASE DO NOT ASK WHETHER THIS CUSTOM  FIRMWARE  WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR ANY OTHER DEVICE, OTHER THAN NOKIA N8. Xeon Belle  Refresh  3. 4. 7 for N8 – Change-log 111. 040. 1511 – S^4 Xeon 3. 4. 7 – 23/10/2012 -Update Qt WebKit 4. 8. 2 -Fix +System+ (Rimozione Social) New Music player Dolby Digital effects for headphones added Belle FP1 Multi Tasking Manager Custom THEME EFFECTS (C:/Animations/Effects) Modded Widgets and Clocks Hacked – can install all unsigned apps / games / widgets without certificate errors Battery and Signals made colorful Signals Symbol Changed Starting Bootscreen added More than 6 homescreens can be added Camera Mute Mod added Resume downloads from the internet in default web browser Vibration on phone lock / unlock removed 200MB  FREE PHONE  MEMORY 10 Music Equalizer Settings Added All Apps can be renamed Cache shifted to E:/   Downloaded  from N8 Fan Club Send protected files from default file manager Call logs will be saved for 999 days Added ROM PATCHER with Lots of Patches How to Flash Xeon Belle  Refresh  111. 040. 1511 on Nokia N8 YOU CAN ALSO TAKE HELP FROM OUR  VIDEO TUTORIAL GUIDE OVER HERE 1. Download amp; Install Phoenix from here:  PSS_2012. 04. 003. 47798_latest. xe (Make sure to disable your Anti-virus to avoid Insert Nokia Dongle Error) 2. Download   All three files and extract them all to RM-596 folder. Password for extraction is:  Xeon^4 Core:                           S4(3. 4. 7)R1. 7z ROFS2:                     S4(3. 4. 7)R2-EN. 7z ROFS3/UDA:   S4(3. 4. 7)R3. 7z (Note that this  firmware  is pre-hacked, you are not required to hack / unlock it using  Norton Hack) 3. Make sure you have extracted all  firmware  files in folder path: C:/Program Files/Nokia/Phoenix/Products/RM-596 (If RM-596 folder doesn’t exist, you need to create RM-596 folder yourself and paste the  firmware  files inside it) 4. : Now connect your Nokia N8 in  Ovi Suite Mode with  USB cable  and run Phoenix 5. Goto File and hit Scan Product (wait for some time) 6. Proceed to Flashing and hit  Firmware  update. 7. Select the  firmware  product code with three dots (†¦) (Select:  0599750: euro1_dg_italy) and click OK. (Don’t worry for the product code, it can be any one) | Click to  enlarge| 8. Now hit the options button, just beneath SW  Reset  button and a window will appear. Delete:  RM-596_M005. 50. emmc. fpsx  as show below | Click to  enlarge| 9. Now  Click on Software  Reset  button. The flashing process would start and might ask you to disconnect  USB cable  and connect it again and slightly push the power button on N8 to initiate flashing Nokia Belle  RefreshCustom  Firmware. Flashing would hardly take 3 – 5 minutes on an average PC. Enjoy the Nokia Belle  RefreshCFW on your Nokia N8 with all new widgets. (The flashing process is similar for every Nokia Belle Device, however you cannot use  firmware  of one device on any other device) Backup Downloads 808FanClub. com_Video_amp;_Photo_Editors_-_ALL_langs. _by_SkullATOS_unsigned. sis QuickOffice_Belle_Euro3_Unsigned__6. 4. 6. sis AdobeReaderLE_v10. 0. 245. sis F-Secure_Anti-Theft_v7. 00. 17415. sis InternetSearch_v3. 0. 8. sis MicrosoftCommunicator_v2. 1. 369. sis Microsoft_office_for_nokia_bell_Unsigned. zip Nokia_Evolve_V3_Original_Pro_Edition_Signed. sis nokia_maps_suite_3_458612. 00_12wk9_b05_PRD_STORE. sis OviMusic_v13. 2. 24. sis storeinstaller_tb92_QTbundle_prd_PROD_3. 24. 053. sisx Languages in this  Firmware: English  and Italian Frequently Asked Questions: Q: I am using another Belle  Refresh  CFW (111. 040. 1511), will I have to downgrade first? A: If you are using another Belle  Refresh  CFW based on v111. 040. 511 (for instance Diamond Belle   Refreshor PVN’s CFW), you won’t be required to downgrade, just flash this  firmware. Even if you are using AminKing v11 till now, you can   simply flash it using the flashing method as mentioned above, no downgrade is required. Q: I   want to return back to Official Nokia Belle  Refresh  v111. 040. 1511, what to do? A: Just download Official Nokia Belle  Refresh  Firmware  v111. 040. 1511 from NaviFirm and flash it in the same way with Phoenix. Q: Can I downgrade this  firmware? In case I want to return back to Symbian Anna? A: Yes you can downgrade using this  downgrade tutorial over here. Q: My Nokia N8 went dead after following this guide, what to do? A: First of all, don’t worry, try to  Flash your Nokia N8 in DEAD USB Mode. It will be fine. Q: Will updating to this CFW or Downgrading from CFW to PR 1. 0 erase my all data from the phone? A: NO! Your data would remain preserved in E:/ MASS MEMORY, however backup of your important data is always recommended. Q: My phone doesn’t scan for music / songs after flashing this CFW? A: Place all your music files in  E:/Music Q: Where should I place the  custom theme effects  after flashing this  firmware? A: Extract your  custom theme effects  in  C:/Animations/effects You might also like:

East Asian Growth Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

East Asian Growth - Case Study Example We will also look at the slow down of the Japanese and the Russian economy. The growth in the East Asian economy has peaked after reaching specific levels; the reasoning behind this will be analysed and the oscillation of growth about this peak before settling down to a standard and uniform growth rate is suggested. While the countries try to reach the required GDP for a developed nation at the earliest, they also would like to take the shortest possible route to this rapid growth. Three basic factors have been identified by economists that influence economic growth. These are the capital, labour and the technological progress. Capital infusion has been a major contributor to growth in industry and the overall economic growth of the country or society. This has happened in Europe during the industrial revolution as well as in US when it switched gears with massive investments to surpass the European nations in the first fifty years of the twentieth century. The capital investment that the countries could mobilise will become a necessity in the early stages of economic growth particularly, when the country is trying to reach the performance levels of the other developed countries. This is not a period of innovation but a period of emulating the other's efficiencies. This is necessary to ensure that the country does not lag behind the other too much. Influence of capital is very well known in the economic growth of a country. This has been repeatedly proved by the Russians and by the Japanese and now by the Chinese. The Chinese tourism industry has taken in foreign investments and capital to such an extent that today China is in the top five tourist destinations in the world. This has been made possible mostly by the capital investments that have been pumped into the country both by Chinese entrepreneurs as well as by foreign direct investors. Similarly, capital investments from the US played a very important role in the initial growth in Japan. This was repeated in Singapore and in other Eastern economies as much as with the Russian and Eastern bloc countries in Europe. There was a large capital inflow into these countries which spearheaded the growth in these countries. This is in line with both Paul Krugman's view as well as that of the classical economists advocating Solow Model. In line with the model, the countries in the E ast Asia displayed rapid and more than normal growth in their economic structure due to the sudden influx of capital. Labour Labour is the other major contributor to production. Production or output per worker is enhanced by capital. But production itself is brought in by labour in association with capital. Labour has the role of increasing the production using the invested capital. This has happened in Russia as pointed out by Paul Krugman when large scale movement of labour was carried out from the villages to the production centres. This resulted in a massive growth rate that was misconstrued by the media as a continuing phenomenon. Labour would increase the production directly. However, unskilled or labour that does not maximise production

Nursing Informatics Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Informatics Theory - Research Paper Example This is in addition to their knowledge of the conceptual structure of nursing. Without doubt, it is crucial for nurses in nursing informatics to have knowledge about the different theories in this field and apply these in their nursing practice as a guide (Basavanthappa, 2007). Similarly, Baker (2007) notes that, for nursing informatics to be effective, the individuals involved must make use of both practical knowledge and the theoretical knowledge in this discipline. In nursing informatics, there are different theories which help to frame and inform this discipline. These include the â€Å"change theory, cybernetics theory, and the cognitive theory† (Baker, 2012, p. 153). All these theories support nursing informatics in different ways, and the nursing practitioners can combine the knowledge they acquire from these theories with what they obtain from their nursing practice to enhance their performance (Baker, 2012). Everett Rogers and Kurt Lewin, who had different approaches in the formulation of their theories, propagated the change theory. This essay will focus on the change theory and explain how this is relevant and applicable in the discipline of nursing informatics. In the change theories, it is considered that change is responsible for the computerization of information system. This is in comparison to the past centuries and the modern period, where nursing has evolved from a paper-based environment to one which is paperless; this is change. In addition, change that comes about in nursing can be planned or unplanned change, depending on the circumstances through which this change occurs. The two theorists of change, Rodgers and Lewin, addressed different types of change. While Rogers focused on both planned and unplanned change, Lewin addressed the planned change (Kaminski, 2011). Rogers named his theory of change as â€Å"diffusion of innovations† theory. Both Rogers’ theory and Lewin’s theory of change are categorized under behavioral theories. Everett Rodgers was a community health nurse and health educator who took considerable time studying and working on his theory. His theory is used to explain the process through which new information, concepts, and ideas are transferred from a different medium to another, and how these come to be incorporated into a belief system and become an adopted behavior in that system (Basavanthappa, 2007). According to Basavanthappa (2007), it is possible to use the term diffusion to refer to a kind of change which is spontaneous or unplanned, when a new idea is introduced in a belief system. However, Rogers used this term to refer to both the planned and unplanned change. â€Å"Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system† (Basavanthappa, 2007, pp. 222). In his theory, Rogers considers an innovation as a new idea, object, or a new practice. Therefore, the process of diffusion is mainly concerned with new ideas and how innovation is adopted in the system to become part of the system (Basavanthappa, 2007). In his theory, Rogers noted that diffusion is a two-way process, and not a one-way process. This is because, new ideas, products, or social practices, spread from one society to another. However, if diffusion will happen or not depends on the nature of the innovation. This includes how complex the innovation is, how compatible it is with the society meant to adopt it, as well as the